The article examines the volume of production of agricultural machinery of domestic manufacturers, examines the dynamics of sales of imported machinery in this market. It was established that the Russian market of agricultural machinery had a situation in which supply exceeded demand. The development of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises depends on targeted government programs, grants, and subsidies. Agricultural enterprises remain under-equipped, which threatens the country's food security. 

The article deals with some technological features of welding of highcarbon steels. The main factor complicating welding is high carbon content. Peculiarities of hot and cold cracks formation in the welded joint are considered. The author briefly analyses the factors influencing the formation of cracks. These factors impose certain requirements when welding high carbon steels. 

The article considers the relevance of the introduction of an electronic document management system in higher educational institutions, analyzes the problems covering the processes of creating, processing, storing documents and automating document management. There is a characteristic of the system that meets the requirements of universities. The principles of implementing an electronic document management system are highlighted. 

When constructing urban railway transport facilities, it is necessary to take into account the occurrence of emergency situations that can lead to serious safety risks. In order to further improve the anti-risk ability of urban rail transport projects in a construction organization, sustainability theory is introduced into the safety management of a construction organization when designing urban railway transport. 

The article examines the actions of the head of the emergency response in case of a sudden emergency, his leadership of the units involved in the elimination of the resulting disasters through the directioners. All the positive qualities of the RLS activity in the performance of special tasks are considered. The authors took into account most of the factors of the quality of the automatic equipment involved in the liquidation of the accident.  

The article discusses the scope of application of special automotive equipment. The existing classification of special automotive equipment is given. The factors influencing changes in the technical condition of vehicles are described. Conclusions are drawn about the main directions for improving the service system for special automotive equipment.

The growing urbanization of the population, accompanied by an increase in the number of megacities, forces us to think about the need to predominantly use transport using alternative energy sources to reduce harmful emissions from motor vehicles. New energy vehicles mainly include electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In the sustainability paradigm, this study addresses the growing market for electric vehicles and the challenges associated with their safety and maintenance.

The technology of waste recycling based on the processing of straw of cereal crops into a heat-insulating material in terms of efficiency, which is not inferior to well-known brands, but significantly more economical in production.

The efficiency of piston internal combustion engines primarily means their fuel efficiency, provided that the requirements of regulatory documents on environmental safety (emissions of harmful substances) are met. Given the development of alternative energy sources, it may seem that piston engines will be banned from use. However, an analysis of work in the field of improving piston engines, the volume of capital investments, etc., suggests the opposite. Therefore, a review and analysis of the technologies used aimed at increasing the efficiency of these engines can be considered relevant. 

The isotropic plate is in a generalized plane stress state. The limiting combination of external forces for the plate is determined in two ways: using the appropriate ratios known in the scientific literature and using the equilibrium condition of the vicinity close to the crack, taking into account only the asymmetric stress components. From the equality of the corresponding results, formulas for determining the size of the crack neighborhood follow, where it is necessary to take into account the work of the asymmetric stresses, as well as the work of external forces. 

The issue of using artificial neural network technologies in problems of computer modeling of robotics objects is considered using the example of constructing and clustering the working area of jointly working manipulators. Kohonen network structure is determined and training without a teacher is performed. A comparative analysis is carried out with the results obtained by solving the direct kinematics problem.

The article describes issues related to using flowcharts as an instrument for business process modelling. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are analyzed, flowchart common possibilities and issues related to the perspective of using flowcharts as an instrument for business process modelling are considered. 

The training set control algorithm for the increasing of the speed of the synthesis of the neural network model of the non-stationary object and the reduction of the calculation number is described. The experimental data which allows us to judge the algorithm quality having the considerable reduction of the amount of the elements of the set are given. This algorithm allows us to get neural network models of non-stationary objects in the real-time.

The article examines current theoretical and practical issues of criminal proceedings against minors, taking into account recent changes in criminal procedure legislation.  

Import substitution is a strategy of state, economic and industrial policy, within the framework of which imported goods that are in demand in the domestic market are replaced by domestically produced goods. As a rule, to increase the efficiency of import substitution, the state increases spending on the development of profitable industries and provides greater support to state-owned enterprises. The state of entire industries, their survival, development and return to normal functioning depends on the effectiveness of government measures in the context of the introduction of economic sanctions.

When conducting business, it is necessary to adhere to a single generally accepted terminology that is understandable to all participants in economic relations. Based on the study of Russian regulations on the digital economy, it is shown that for structured information it is correct to use the term "large amount of data", for unstructured information – "big data". The conclusion is made about the importance of reliable data storage.

The aim of this study is to characterize the terminological aspects of borrowings from English in the field of economics and their influence on international communication. The process of continuous entry of foreign-language words, due to which their role in modern society is increasing, by virtue of a special lexicon that is able to influence other spheres of language functioning. The distinctive feature is that this study considers various terminological mechanisms and, exclusively those words and expressions that have begun to absorb the economic branch, directly affecting its lexicon and dialect. 

The purpose of this study is to describe the discursive and characterological aspects within the framework of communication in the field of academic discourse. Academic discourse can be characterized as the language of communication that functions in the field of university education. Disclosure of the essence of the discursive and characterological aspects and their features of functioning within the framework of academic discourse are studied. 

This article considers the ergonymy as the category of onomastics. The purpose of this study is to identify the ways of nomination of ergonyms in Naberezhnye Chelny. The object of the study is ergonymy. The subject of the study is the classification of ergonyms ways of nomination. The task of the study is to identify popular and little-known ways of nomination of ergonyms in Naberezhnye Chelny. The relevance of the problem under consideration is confirmed by the reflection of the linguistic situation in the ergonyms of a certain territory. With the help of descriptive method and formalisation method we have carried out the analysis of  ergonyms ways of nomination. The result of the research is the systematised data of ergonymy research, in particular, the classification of ways of nomination of ergonyms in Naberezhnye Chelny.

The relevance of this article lies in the fact that the study of precedent names is associated with the problem of participation in intercultural communication, which is one of the main problems of linguistics. Precedent is considered as a phenomenon, without a deep analysis of which understanding the meaning of the text is often impossible. In addition, studying traces of the presence of the most significant texts of the past in newspaper and magazine articles of our time helps to identify patterns of cultural transmission from generation to generation. Research objectives: 1) to reveal the essence of the concept of “precedent name”; 2) to carry out semantization of selected precedent names; 3) to carry out a contextual analysis of precedent names in the texts of English-language articles. Research methods: continuous sampling method, semantization, contextual analysis.